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Bibliography

Some of the publicly available documents which have been cited in telling the story of Dudley A. Buck.

 1 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, (National Security Agency) book I, p 1 

2 Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm; The Authorized History of MI5, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 406

3 http://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/publications/wwii/solving_enigma.pdf

4 http://www.gchq.gov.uk/history/index.html

55 Gordon Welchman, The Hut Six Story: Breaking the Enigma Codes, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), p.14-16

6 Gordon Welchman, The Hut Six Story: Breaking the Enigma Codes, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), p.77-81

7 Gordon Welchman, The Hut Six Story: Breaking the Enigma Codes, (New York: McGraw- Hill, 1982), p.51

8 Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm; The Authorized History of MI5, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p 253

9 Norberg, Arthur L. “Computers and Commerce” page 23

10 Arthur L. Norberg, Computers and Commerce, (Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2005), p. 24

11 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, (National Security Agency) I p 14

12 www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/bletchley-park-visitors-book.html

13 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB278/01.PDF

14 http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/bletchley-park-visitors-book.html

15 Arthur L. Norberg, Computers and Commerce, (Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2005), p. 34

16 Flamm, Kenneth “Creating the Computer” page 39

17 Robert J. Hanyok, Eavesdropping on Hell; Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust 1939-1945, (Center for Cryptologic History)  page 56, note 65

18 Crypologic Almanac 50th Anniversary Series: The Last Days of the Enigma,  p 1

19 Thomas R. Johnson American Cryptology during the Cold War, (National Security Agency) book I, p. 8

20 Thomas R. Johnson American Cryptology during the Cold War, (National Security Agency) book I, p 8

21 http://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/museum/virtual_tour/museum_tour_text.shtml

22 Matthew M. Aid and Cees Wiebes, Secrets of Signals Intelligence during the Cold War and Beyond, (Portland, Or.: Frank Cass, 2001), p. 32

23 James Bamford, Body of Secrets, (New York: Doubleday, 2001), p.98

24 James Bamford, Body of Secrets, (New York: Doubleday, 2001), p.579

25 Tom Comick – interview with author

26 Thomas R. Johnson American Cryptology during the Cold War, (National Security Agency) book I, p 211

27 J.V.Boone, A Brief History of Cryptology (Annapolis Md: Naval Institute Press, 2005) p 10.

28 J.V.Boone, A Brief History of Cryptology (Annapolis Md: Naval Institute Press, 2005) p 10.

29 http://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/museum/virtual_tour/museum_tour_text.shtml

30 “The First Computers” page 123

31 Thomas R. Johnson American Cryptology during the Cold War, (National Security Agency) book I, p 139

32 Louis N. Ridenour, Radio Direction Finding System, United States Patent 2,473,175 – filed 30 December 1943

33 Bowles, Edward L. “Browder Julian Thompson” Proceedings of the IRE, April 1957, page 442

334 On Watch; Profiles from The National Security Agencys' past 40 Years, The National Cryptologic School, p. 6

36 On Watch; Profiles from The National Security Agencys' past 40 Years, The National Cryptologic School,  p. 10

37 telephone interview with Lee Meadows

39 Officers Qualification Record Jacket 501956, Bureau of Naval Personnel

40 Random House Dictionary of the English Language 1966, page 1931

41 Matthew M. Aid and Cees Wiebes, Secrets of Signals Intelligence during the Cold War and Beyond, (Portland, Or.: Frank Cass, 2001), p. 32

43 Clarence A.O'Brien and Harvey B. Jacobson to Dudley Buck; 1945-12-27

44 Matthew M. Aid and Cees Wiebes, Secrets of Signals Intelligence during the Cold War and Beyond, (Portland, Or.: Frank Cass, 2001), p. 32

45 Thomas R. Johnson American Cryptology during the Cold War (National Security Agency) I, p 11

46 Aid, Matthew M. and Cees Wiebes Secrets of Signals Intelligence during the Cold War and Beyond (New York, Frank Cass 2005) p 32

47 Thomas R. Johnson American Cryptology during the Cold War, (National Security Agency) book I, p 27

48 Dudley Buck to U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory, Fort Trumbull, 18 Sept. 1950

49 www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/doc56.pdf

50 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/doc71.pdf

51 Cable from Karlsruhe to “Special Operations” 17 December 1948

52 Reinhard Gehlen The Service, trans: David Irving (New York, World Publishing 1972) p 157-158

53 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 198

54 Arthur L. Norberg, Computers and Commerce, (Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2005), p. 67

55 David L. Boslaugh, When Computers Went to Sea; The Digitization of the United States Navy (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society 1999) p. 91

56 Arthur L. Norberg, Computers and Commerce, (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2005), p. 188

57 David L. Boslaugh, When Computers Went to Sea (Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society, 1999) p. 159

58 Snyder, Samuel S., Influence of U.S. Cryptologic Organizations on the Digital Computer Industry (National Security Agency 1977)

59 Steinhardt, Lawrence R. to Prof. Harold L. Hazen, MIT, 1 March 1950

60 A request filed under the Freedom of Information Act has not resulted in any answer

61 Howard Campaigne to M.I.T. 28 February 1950

62 Gordon Welchman, The Hut Six Story (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), p. 312

63 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 184

64 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 72

65 DD-214, Ensign Dudley Allen Buck

66 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War (National Security Agency, 1995) book I p. 221

67 67 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology During the Korean War, page 3

68 Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm; The Authorized History of MI5, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 387

69 http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsc-hst/nsc-68-cr.htm

70 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cwr/82209.htm

71 Kunt E. Lossbom, CWO, USA, Exploitation Division to Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency, Joint Chiefs of Staff, room 2D-937, Pentagon, 8 August 1949

72 Colonel George D. Garrett, memorandum for Director, Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency, 3 August 1949

73 Trip Report #26, to Chief, Scientific & Technical Section, Analysis Branch, G-2, APO 403, US Army, 24 June 1953

74 Edmund B. Staples, Present German Computer Research and Development, (Air Intelligence Information Report, 28 March 1950) report IR-280-50

75 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War (National Security Agency, 1995) book I p. 278

76 http://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/publications/coldwar/dangerous_business.pdf

77 Central Intelligence Agency, The Baltic Incident, 17 May 1950

78 Christopher Andrew, Defend the Realm; The Authorized History of MI5, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 389

79 John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, and Alexander Vassiliev, Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009). p. 138.

80 H. Fahnestock memo to Jay W. Forrester 17 May 1950

81 Dudley Buck to U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory, Fort Trumbull, New London, CT. 18 September 1950

82 Officer Qualification Jacket; Dudley Buck; signed by Francis P. Matthew

83 A. Sinkov, Soviet Science and Technology: Present Levels and Futur Prospects, (Washington, D.C.: National Security Agency, January 1959), p. 31

84 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 185

85 Kenneth Olsen, Oral History Interview, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Division of Information Technology & Society. September 28, 29, 1988

86 86 Kent C. Redmond and Thomas M. Smith, From Whirlwind to MITRE, (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000), p. 23

88 Forrester notebook, 1 February 1950

89 Kent C. Redmond and Thomas M. Smith, From Whirlwind to MITRE (Cambridge Mass: The MIT Press, 2000) p. 65.

90 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol 1 p. 200

91 David L. Boslaugh, When Computers Went to Sea, (Los Alamitos, CA.: IEEE Computer Society, 1999), p.79.

92 David L. Boslaugh, When Computers Went to Sea, (Los Alamitos, CA.: IEEE Computer Society, 1999), p. 92.

93 Digital Computer Laboratory memorandum M-1367, 6889 Air Defense Bi-Weekly, 4 January 1952 p.11 available at http://dome.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.3/39445/MC665_r06_M-1367.pdf

94 Jay W. Forrester notebook entry 20 April 1950

95 http://dome.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.3/38977/MC665_r04_M-1108.pdf?sequence=1

96 Kent C. Redmond and Thomas M. Smith, From Whirlwind to MITRE, (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000), p. 83

97 Dudley A. Buck notebook “Audio Modulation Equipment, 1 March 1951

98 Jay W. Forrester memorandum 52 JWF 21, 9 January 1952

99 Jay W. Forrester memorandum 52 JWF 22, 15 January 1952

100 Bi-weekly report M-3007, 27 August 1954, p 1

101 Joseph Eachus to Mrs. Thompson, Child Welfare Bureau 11 July 1950

102 Joe Keller firm of Dow, Lohnes and Albertson 11 July 1950

103 Western Union Telegram, 20 July 1950

104 Dudley A. Buck, MIT notebook 2 February 1951 page 55

105 C.F. Pulvari US Patent 2,698,928

106 Dudley A. Buck to Jay Upham, Glenco Corp. 29 June 1951

107 Dudley A. Buck, MIT notebook, 28 September 1951

108 A. von Hippel, Dielectric Materials and Applications, (Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of M.I.T., 1954), p. 261-274

109 Dudley A. Buck notebook, 11 March 1952 page 102, 14 July 1952

110 Dudley A. Buck notebook, 21 January 1952

111 http://ramtron.com/about-us/history.asp x

112 http://www.toshiba.com/taec/news/press_releases/2009/memy_09_554.jsp

113 Dudley A. Buck, MIT notebook 3/11/52 page 30

114 Morris Rubinoff to Dudley Buck, 4 November 1952

115 F.A. Schwertz to Dudley Buck, 5 November 1952

116 R.A. Deller to Dudley Buck, 21 July 1952

117 Dudley Buck, memorandum M-2778, 13 April 1954

118 D. R. Young to Dudley Buck, 29 May 1952

119 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 538

120 Dudley A. Buck to A. Craig Reynolds, IBM 26 August 1952

121 M. K. Haynes to Dudley Buck, 29 October 1952

122 H.D. Huskey to Dudley Buck 25 June 1952

123 Dudley A. Buck to Dr. Harry D. Huskey, 15 July 1952

124 Dudley A. Buck to W.W. Leutert, Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen, MD, 8 July 1954

125 Louis N. Ridenour, Computer Memories, (Scientific American Magazine, June 1955), p. 92-ff

126 Samuel S. Snyder, Influence of U.S. Cryptologic Organizations on the Digital Computer Industry, (Cryptologic Spectrum Vol. 7 no. 4 and Vol. 8 no. 2)

127 Dudley A. Buck notebook 2/2/51 page 71

128 United States Patent 2,187,115 filed March 1939

129 Memorandum; Dudley Buck to J.W. Forrester 14, July 1952

130 Edwin D. Reilly, Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology (Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press, 2003), p. 110

131 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 258

132 Kent C. Redmond and Thomas M. Smith, From Whirlwind to MITRE, (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000), p. 54

133 J.W. Forrester US Patent #2,736,880

134 Dudley Buck to Jay Upham at Glenco Corporation 25 July 1951

135 Dudley A. Buck Computation Book “Ferro Research” 8/3/51 to 12/1/51

136 Dudley Buck notebook 1952-11-1 page 95

137 Dudley Buck to NSA 13 January 1953

138 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 246

139 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 254

140 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 267

141 William Papian to Jay Forrester 16 February 1960

142 Bi-weekly report M-3007, 27 August 1954, p 19

143 Dudley A. Buck notebook 21 June 1951 page 82

144 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p.260

145 William Papian to Raymond Stuart-Williams, 30 June 1955

146 Douglas L. Hogan and Virginia L. Davis report to AFSA 16 April 1951

147 Kenneth H. Olsen, MIT Memorandum M-1282 page 1

148 M. K. Haynes to Dudley Buck 29 October 1952

149 Dudley A Buck, MIT notebook; 8/3/51 page 99

150 Kenneth Olsen, United States Patent 2,937,285

151 Kenneth H. Olsen, A Multi-Position Magnetic Switch and Its Incorporation Into a Magnetic Memory”, memorandum M-1282, Master's Thesis Proposal, September 21 1951

152 Jan A. Rajchman “Integrated Magnetic and Superconductive Memories” ?????? volume 52, 1964 p 368

153 Dudley Buck, Magnetic-Core Memory Matrix Analysis (Effect of Driver Impedance, M-1381 , 24 January 1952

154 Bashe “IBM's Early Computers” page 249

155 Report of Cravath, Swaine & Moore and Fish, Richardson & Neave Concerning the Forrester Patent, 21 May 1962 page 73

156 US patent 2,691,154

157 Raymond Stuart-Williams, Magnetic-Core Storage and Switching Techniques, Computer Handbook, editors Harry D. Huskey and Granino A. Korn, (New York:McGraw-Hill, 1962), page 12-105

158 Buck, Dudley MIT Computation Book, 17 June 1954 159

160 http://ftp.arl.army.mil/~mike/comphist/96summary/index.html

161 Dudley Buck to J. W. Forrester 27 July 1950

162 Dudley Buck MIT Computation Book 18 March 1952

163 Raymond Stuart-Williams, Magnetic-Core Storage and Switching Techniques, Computer Handbook, editors Harry D. Huskey and Granino A. Korn, (New York:McGraw-Hill, 1962), page 12-103

164 6 May 1954 – box miscellaneous folders, folder NSA orders

165 General Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Interim Development Report No. 3.

166 Dudley Buck notebook 18 November 1952

167 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 26

168 AFSA Colonel Geo. E. Campbell to Dudley Buck, 18 July 1952

169 Arthur L. Norberg, Computers and Commerce, (Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2005), p. 142, 145

170 Thomas R. Johnson American Cryptology during the Cold War, (National Security Agency) book I, p 200

171 Raul Rojas and Ulf Hashagen, The First Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002), p.87

172 Harry Huskey letter to Dudley Buck 25 June 1952

173 Edwin D. Reilly, Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology, (Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press, 2003), p 248

174 M.S. Blois to Dr. Liddel, US Dept of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. 3 September 1952

175 Marsden Scott Blois to Dudley Buck, 28 August 1952

176 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book 1 July 1953

177 Matthew M. Aid and Cees Wiebes, Secrets of Signals Intelligence during the Cold War and Beyond, (New York: Frank Cass, 2005), p. 225-228.

178 John Hutchins, Looking Back to 1952: the First MT Conference, paper presented at Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Santa Fe, New Mexico, July 1997,

179 John Hutchins, From first conception to first demonstration: the nascent years of machine translation, 1947-1954; A chronology, (http://www.hutchinsweb.me.uk/MTJ-1997.pdf, 1997)

180 Dudley A. Buck, MIT notebook 17 June 1952

181181 Dudley A. Buck to Department of Defense 1952-11-28

182 Dudley Buck to J.W. Forrester, 14 July 1952

183 Electronics Magazine, December 1951 page 268

184184 Marsden Scott Blois to Dudley Buck 1 April 1952

185 R.H. Ritchings to Dudley Buck, 4 November 1954

186 Dudley Buck notebook 25 July 1952

187 G.L. Tucker U.S. patent 2,700,147 Spin Echo Information Storage

188 Dudley Buck notebook 12 April 1952

189189 Samuel S. Snyder, Trip Report 23 September 1953. FoIA Case #59769

190 Samuel S. Snyder Influence of U.S. Cryptologic Organizations on the Digital Computer Industry, Cryptologic Spectrum Vol 7 no. 4 and Vol. 8 no. 2

191 E.S. Fabiszewski to W. H. Gray 2 April 1953

192 28 September 1953 letter from “Sam” to Dudley on NSA letterhead

193 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 201

194 Nahman, Dr. Norris S. to Dudley Buck, 20 February 1959

195 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 229, p 180

196 D.J. Eckl, memorandum 6M-3495 30 March 1955

197 Snyder, Samuel S. Influence of U.S. Cryptologic Organizations on the Digital Computer Industry

198 Kenneth H. Olsen, MIT Memorandum M-1282 page 1

199 Kenneth Olsen, United States Patent 2,937,285

200 Kenneth H. Olsen, A Multi-Position Magnetic Switch and Its Incorporation Into a Magnetic Memory”, memorandum M-1282, Master's Thesis Proposal, September 21 1951

201 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 21 June 1951, page 84

202 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 18 July 1951, page 119

203 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 30 October 1951

204 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 25 June 1951

205 Dudley Buck Engineering note E-438, 6 December 1951

206 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 17 August 1951, page 31

207 William N. Papian Engineering Note E-422 4 September 1951

208 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 29 October 1951

209 Dudley Buck MIT Computation Book, 31 October 1951

210 Kent C. Redmond and Thomas M. Smith, From Whirlwind to MITRE, (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2000), p. 140

211 W. G. Welchman, to Dudley Buck, 11 November, 1952

212 George Gray, “Sperry Rand Military Computers 1957 - 1975”

213 Samuel S. Snyder, Influence of U.S. Cryptologic Organizations on the Digital Computer Industry, (National Security Agency), http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/cryptologic_quarterly/digitalcomputer_industry.pdf

214 United States Patent 2,987,707

215 Melville Klein, “Securing Record Communications: The TSEC/KW-26” National Security Agency

216 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 540

217 TRW Computer Division, First Interim Report on Optimum Utilization of Computers and Computing Techniques in Shipboard Weapons Controls Systems, (BuWeps Project RM1004: June 1963), page 17

218 “Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology” Edwin D. Reilly, Greenwood Press 2003, page 19

219 Massachusetts Institute of Technology News Service press release for 6 February 1956

220 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation book, February 10, 1954

221 David R. Brown, M.I.T. Junior Staff Rating Form, 15 December 1953

222 D. Schoenberg, “Superconductivity” Cambridge at the University Press, 1952 p. 3

223 Richard Rhodes, Dark Sun, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), p. 488

224 Lowell Bensky letter to Dudley Buck, 29 May 1957

225 US Patent 2,936,435 High Speed Cryotron

226 F. J. Settin, Fielding Chemical Company, to Dudley Buck 10 August 1955

227 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 36th ed. (Cleveland, Ohio: Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., 1954), p. 379

228 M.A. Schwalm, General Electric Co. to Dudley Buck, 23 April 1957

229 M.I.T. Purchase order no. DDL-L90379, 13 February 1956

230 A.E. Slade, Howard McMahon, A Cryotron Catalog Memory System (Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference 1956) p. 120

231 Memorandum, M.I.T. Medical Dept., Occupational Medical Service to Departments and Laboratories using “Teflon”, 23 April 1956

232 M.I.T. Purchase order no. DDL-L92772, 17 May 1956

233 M.I.T. Purchase order no. DDL-L70813 13 April 1955

234 Dudley Buck diary 3 August 1954, MIT notebook 3 August 1954

235 F.H. Buttner, Electro Metallurgical Company, to Dudley Buck, 3 March 1956

236 T.T. Magel, Nuclear Metals, Inc. to Dudley Buck, 1 August 1956

237 Dudley Buck to J.J. Pidgeon, Driver-Harris Company, Harrison, New Jersey, 8 November 1956

238 Howard L. Funk to Dudley Buck 7 December 1956

239 Dudley A. Buck, MIT notebook, 14, February 1954

240 Dudley A. Buck MIT notebook, 27 March 1954

241 Buck, Dudley; “The Cryotron- A Superconductive Electronic Component” Proceedings of the American Power Conference volume 18, 1956 pages 505~514

243 Life Magazine 7 May 1956 page 142

244 Life Magazine 7 May 1956 page 48

245 Boston Globe, 26 April 1960

246 Dr. Charles K. Crawford – interview June 29, 2009

247 Dudley Buck appointment book 27 November 1957

248 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 569

249 Kenneth Flamm, Creating the Computer, (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1988) page 56

250 http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/sp958-lide/html/315-318.html

251 http://www.lanl.gov/quarterly/q_spring03/pdfs/larq_4_03_squid.pdf

252 Inter-office correspondence D.A. Buck to Muriel Durso 25 March 1955

253 Dudley A. Buck MIT, notebook, 9 May 1957

254 Dudley Buck to Dr. Ing. G. Ruffino, Istituto Electtrotechico Nazionale 22 Dec 1958

255 Pugh, Johnson, Palmer, IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems, (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1991), p. 184

256 http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/oral_history_interviews/nsa_oh_20_92_kirby.pd f page 59

257 Dudley Buck to Dr. George B. Yntema 10 December 1956

258 “Reports on Research” M.I.T. volume 8, number 2, December 1956 page 4

259 Emerson Pugh letter to Douglas J. Buck January 19, 1990. Signed by Emerson Pugh, cc: Ms. T.A. Ehling

260 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 269-270

261 Raymond Stuart-Williams to William N. Papian 23 June 1955

262 United States Patent 2,736,880

263 United States Patent 2,734,187

264 Jay W. Forrester Notebook Nov 12, 1959 page 19

265 R.R. Everett to Technical Staff 4 November 1959

266 Jay W. Forrester, 25 January 1960

267 R.R. Everett, The Mitre Corporation letter to “Technical Staff”, November 4, 1959

268 Bashe, Johnson, Palmer, and Pugh, IBM's Early Computers, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), p. 269

269 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 25 November 1951, page 46

270 William N. Papian to Maximilian W. Kempner, Webster Sheffield Fleischmann Hitchcock & Chrystie, 19 September 1961

271 Report of Cravath, Swaine & Moore and Fish, Richardson & Neave Concerning the Forrester Patent, 21 May 1962 page 21

272 Dudley Buck appointment book, May 8, 1959

273 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 229, p 180

274 NSA orders 8 December 1952

275 Dudley Buck to Dr. Joseph Eachus, AFSA, 16 December 1952

276 Dudley Buck, MIT Travel Voucher 7 May 1953

277 MIT Travel Voucher 15 April 1953

278 Solomon Kullback to Dudley Buck, 9 March 1953, serial 30141

279 Dudley Buck to Solomon Kullback 29 May 1953, serial 30322

280 Dudley Buck to Solomon Kullback, 29 May 1953, serial 30062-3

281 W.P. Horton to W.D. Woo 15 June 1953

282 W.P. Horton to “file”, 19 October 1953

283 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 9 July 1953 page 56

284 Edwin D. Reilly, Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology, (Wesport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003), p. 164.

285 Dudley Buck to David R. Brown, 31 July 1953, Memorandum M-2332

286 Douglas L. Hogan, Chief, NSA-3511 to 351, 3022, 30K, 30, DCS/P, 16 September 1953

287 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) book II, p.382

288 Howard T. Engstrom address at the first meeting of the NSA Crypto-Mathematics Institute. http://www.nsa.gov/public/pdf/science_cryptology.pdf

289 Thomas R. Johnson, American Cryptology during the Cold War, 1945-1989 (National Security Agency) vol I, p 61

290 http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4202/chapter7.html

291 Dudley A. Buck, MIT notebook 17 January 1957

292 B.L. Kortegaard to author, 25 June 2010

293 Memo from J.R. Killian to MIT staff November 8, 1957

294 James Bamford, Body of Secrets, (New York: Doubleday, 2001), p. 587

295

296 James Bamford, Body of Secrets, (New York: Doubleday, 2001), p. 585

297 J.R. Killian, Memo to staff November 8, 1957

298 Johnson, Thomas R. “American Cryptology During the Cold War, 1945-1989 book 1 page 204

299 Dudley Buck, “The Cryotron- A Superconductive Electronic Component” (Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1956) volume 18 p. 510

300 Thomas R. Johson, American Cryptology during the Cold War; 1945-1989 (National Security Agency, 1995) book II, p. 368

301 Horace Tharp Mann Method for the Deposition of Thin Films by Electron Bombardment, U.S. Patent 3,132,046

302 Horace T. Mann, TRW Systems, Report Number:0488356, http://www.stormingmedia.us/48/4883/0488356.html

303 Horace T. Mann, David G. Fladlien, United States Patent 3,196,427

304 John Rogers, Horace T. Mann, United States Patent 3,164,808 column 8

305 Dudley Buck letter to Joseph D. Pate 1 August 1958

306 Dudley Buck letter to Dr. E. Mendoza, 24 July 1958

307 Dudley Buck to Dr. E. Mendoza, 24 July 1958

308 Dudley Buck, MIT notebook 18 February 1954

309 S.C. Collins “To Whom it May Concern” 29 August 1955

310 Dudley Buck to Cathryn C. Lyon 9 July 1957

311 Dudley Buck to George M. Richards, AVCO Research and Advanced Development 5 March 1957

312 Samuel S. Snyder, Influence of U.S. Cryptologic Organizations on the Digital Computer Industry p 81.

313 Jan A. Rajchman, Integrated Magnetic and Superconductive Memories, xxxxx????? vol. 51, 1964 page 369

314 interview with Dr. Norris S. Nahman, November 5, 2009

315 MIT Notebook 7 February 1957, conversation between John Bremer and Dudley Buck

316 IEEE History Center Newsletter issue 75, November 2007, www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/aboutus/history_center/newsletters/44480_IEEE_newslet ter.pdf

317 U.S. patent 3,416,146 and 3,311,898. See also 3,004,705

318 Rudolf Jaggi, United States Patent 4,336,523

319 Time Magazine, August 7, 1950

320 Louis N. Ridenour, Video Scrambling and Unscrambling System, United States patent 2,875,269

321 William N. Papian to Bob Everett “some Gossip About International Telemeter” 4 May 1955

322 United States Patent 2,843,841

323 Louis N. Ridenour and William F. Gunning, Coding Methods and System, United States patent 2,972,008

324 Popular Science (May 1957) p. 20

325 Roundtable Turning Points, Golden Legacy, Boundless Future, page 95 available at http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/Publications/fulltext/Golden_Legacy_Boundle ss_Future.pdf

326 Gordon Welchman, The Hut Six Story, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), p. 312

327 Dwayne Day, A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing: the SAMOS E-5 Recoverable Satellite (www.TheSpaceReview.com/article/1410/1, July 6, 2009)

328 Gordon S. Brown to Jerome B. Wiesner 14 February 1957

329 Brochure, Ballistic Research Laboratories, (Ordnance Corps, Department of the Army, November 1953), p. 28

330 Ewan W. Fletcher to S.H. Caldwell 14 May 1957

331 Ame331 American Mathematical Society, 1958-64- 03

332 Bert Kortegaard to author 23 June 2010

334 Heinz Trauboth to author 27 November 2009

335 Dr. Charles K. Crawford interview 29 June 2009

336 Interview with Dr. Charles K. Crawford June 29, 2009

337 original callsign was W5ZVQ

338 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation book, 27 July 1958

339 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation book, 21 July 1958

340 

341 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 27 June 1958

342 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 25 June 1958

343 Dudley Buck to A. Kenneth Graham, 30 June 1958

344 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 30 June 1958

345 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, 1 July 1958

346 Edwin D. Reilly, Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology, (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2003) p. 199

347 US Patent 3,222,654 “Logic Circuit and Electrolytic Memory Element Therefore”

348 Dudley Buck in a letter to J.H. Mulligan, New York University 11 December 1957

349 Undated MIT memo to “self”

350 Ronald L. Wigington to author; 18 November 2009

351 P.V. Horton and T.D. Smith, Survey of Microminiaturization of Electronic Equipment, (Arlington, VA.: Armed Services Technical Information Agency, 1959), p. 1

352 Leslie Berlin, The Man Behind the Microchip, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 102

353 L G. Bishop writes on General Electric letterhead to Professor D. A. Buck May 13, 1959

354 Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT time-line 1946 to 1959. www.rle.mit.edu

355 Kenneth R. Shoulders, Research In Microminiaturization Using Electronic Machining Techniques, (Menlo Park, CA:Stanford Research Institute, October 1, 1958).

356 W. Shockley et al “Transistor Structure” US patent 2,967,985

357 T.R. Reid, The Chip (New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2001) page 77

358 Dr. Charles K. Crawford – interview June 29, 2009

359 First Joint Progress Report of the Laboratories for Molecular Science and Molecular Engineering – Box A5

360 Arnold Dumey to Dudley Buck, 2 September, 1958

361 Oral History interview with Arnold Dumey - http://special.lib.umn.edu/cbi/oh/pdf.phtml?id=108

362 Dudley Buck, MIT Computation Book, June 30, 1958

363 Buck, Dudley to Frank Rosenblatt, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, 12 September 1958

364 Yntema, George to Dudley Buck 23 October 1958

365 U.S. patent 2,981,877

366 Lin366 Lincoln Derick and Carl J. Frosch, Oxidation of Semiconductive Surfaces for Controlled Diffusion, U.S. patent 2,802,760

369 Final report; Computer Components and Systems Group. First Joint Progress Report of the Laboratories for Molecular Science and Molecular Engineering, January 1961

370 P. V. Horton and T. D. Smith, Survey of Microminiaturization of Electronic Equipment, (Los Angeles, CA: Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., 31 December 1959) Contract No. AF 04(647)-309, page 19

371 P. V. Horton and T. D. Smith, Survey of Microminiaturization of Electronic Equipment, (Los Angeles, CA: Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., 31 December 1959) Contract No. AF 04(647)-309, page 41

372 Telephone conversation with Phil Cheney 16 September 2009

373 P. V. Horton and T. D. Smith, Survey of Microminiaturization of Electronic Equipment, (Los Angeles, CA: Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., 31 December 1959) Contract No. AF 04(647)-309, page 39